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Years after fire engulfed scuba dive boat killing 34 people, captain's trial begins_我的网站

一 |     LOS ANGELES -- By the time the scuba dive boat sank off the Southern California coast after catching fire, 34 people had been killed in the deadliest maritime disaster in recent U.S. history.The Labor Day tragedy in 2019 spurred changes to maritime regulations, congressional reform and civil lawsuits. Now four years later, a federal trial for the Conception's captain, Jerry Boylan, is set to begin Tuesday with jury selection in Los Angeles.It's been a long, frustrating wait for the families of those who perished. They say a judge's ruling that their loved ones should not be called “victims” at trial has only added to their pain. “The past four years have been like living in a nightmare that you don’t wake up from,” said Kathleen McIlvain, whose 44-year-old son Charles was killed. The 75-foot (23-meter) boat was anchored off the Channel Islands, about 25 miles (40 kilometers) south of Santa Barbara, on Sept. 2, 2019, when it caught fire before dawn on the last day of a three-day excursion, sinking less than 100 feet (30 meters) from shore. The National Transportation Safety Board blamed Boylan for the tragedy, saying his failure to post a roving night watchman allowed the fire to quickly spread undetected, trapping the 33 passengers and one crew member below. Those on board included a new deckhand who’d landed her dream job and an environmental scientist who did research in Antarctica, along with a globe-trotting couple, a Singaporean data scientist, three sisters, their father and his wife. U.S. District Judge George Wu on Oct. 12 granted Boylan's request to bar most if not all references to “victims” — which the captain's attorneys say is a prejudicial term that jeopardizes his right to a fair trial. It's the latest setback for the prosecution.A grand jury in 2020 initially indicted Boylan on 34 counts of a pre-Civil War statute colloquially known as “seaman’s manslaughter” that was designed to hold steamboat captains and crew responsible for maritime disasters. Each count carries up to 10 years in prison in a conviction, for a total of 340 years.Defense lawyers sought to dismiss those charges, arguing the deaths were the result of a single incident and not separate crimes. Prosecutors got a superseding indictment charging Boylan with only one count.Then in 2022, Wu ruled the superseding indictment failed to specify that Boylan acted with gross negligence, saying that was a required element to prove the crime of seaman’s manslaughter. He dismissed that indictment, forcing prosecutors to go before a grand jury again.Boylan is now charged with one count of misconduct or neglect of ship officer. The single count means he faces only 10 years behind bars if convicted.He has pleaded not guilty and denied any wrongdoing. His federal public defenders did not return The Associated Press' repeated requests for comment, and a spokesperson for the U.S. Attorney's Office declined to comment.Some of the dead were wearing shoes, prompting investigators to believe they were awake and trying to escape. Both exits from the below-deck bunkroom were blocked by flames. Coroner’s reports list smoke inhalation as the cause of death, though official autopsies were never conducted.What exactly started the predawn fire remains unknown. Early official scrutiny appeared to focus on a spot where divers plugged in phones and other electronics. But a Los Angeles Times story, citing a confidential report by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, said the blaze began in a plastic trash can on the main deck though an official cause remains undetermined. Boylan and four crew members sleeping in the upper deck told investigators they tried to save the others but were ultimately forced to jump overboard to survive. Boylan made a mayday call at 3:14 a.m. just before abandoning ship.Dozens of family members have since formed “Advocacy34” to push for strengthened boating regulations. While seeking answers, they’ve comforted each other during loved ones’ missed birthdays and mourned each anniversary.“We have no idea when we’ll get those answers, or if we ever will,” McIlvain said.At the time of the fire, no owner, operator or charterer had been cited or fined for failure to post a roving patrol since 1991, Coast Guard records showed.The NTSB faulted the Coast Guard for not enforcing that requirement and recommended it develop a program to ensure boats with overnight passengers actually have the watchman.The Coast Guard has since enacted new regulations regarding fire detection systems, extinguishers, escape routes and other safety measures as mandated by Congress. But it has yet to implement a comprehensive safety management system after industry advocates pushed back, citing costs.Victims' families have sued the Coast Guard in one of several ongoing civil suits.Three days after the inferno, Truth Aquatics Inc., which belongs to the Conception’s owners, Glen and Dana Fritzler, filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles under a pre-Civil War provision of maritime law that allows it to limit its liability to the remains of the boat, which was a total loss. The time-tested legal maneuver has been successfully employed by the owners of the Titanic and other vessels, and requires the Fritzlers show they were not at fault.The couple's attorneys did not respond to requests for comment.In response to the families' outcry, federal lawmakers last year updated the Limitation of Liability Act of 1851 so owners can be held liable for damages regardless of the boat’s value afterward. The law is not retroactive, however, and will not apply in the case of the Conception.。    聚焦游戏分享          共享教研智慧          # 自主游戏观察与评价 #          水映加州幼儿园                              在对自主游戏活动的探索与实践中，水映加州幼儿园聚焦自主游戏中的“游戏分享”，持续优化游戏分享内容的组织与实施，关注游戏分享交流，通过理论学习、现场观摩、互动研讨等形式，共同学习、研思，推进教师的专业成长的同时也助力幼儿发展          +自主游戏观察与评价+          ♫♩♪♫♩♪♫♩♪♫                              – 01 –          表达观点，明确方向                              教研前期，马老师结合教师们对游戏分享的价值观点，借助信息技术梳理了关于“游戏分享”的关键词。

二 | 每一位教师结合自身游戏分享过程中的问题与困惑进行交流，各小组进行梳理，整理共性问题与个性问题，借助教研活动进行研思解惑。                   通过梳理，教研活动针对教师们提出的问题，明确了教研内容与方向，针对游戏分享的内容、关注点、组织方式等开展研讨互动。                                                 – 02 –          理念更新，扎实理论                              《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》特别提到“要充分理解和尊重幼儿发展进程中的个别差异，支持和引导他们从原有水平向更高水平发展，按照自身的速度和方式到达《指南》所呈现的发展‘阶梯’，切忌用一把‘尺子’衡量所有幼儿。”观察是基础，只有观察才可以辨别每个幼儿的最近发展区，然后在解读的基础上进行适宜的支持。         通过理论学习，教师们科学理解幼儿的最近发展区，梳理了自主游戏观察评价“五部曲”，即：          观评儿童某个发展点的水平          材料是否丰富          环境氛围是否支持/包容          介入时机          游戏后的回顾（视频/照片）                                                       – 03 –          视频分享，实践研讨          为深入研讨，水映加州幼儿园的教师们观看自主游戏视频，组织各个教师进行幼儿自主游戏观察与幼儿自主游戏评价，共同解读幼儿在游戏现场的行为，讨论自主游戏活动中的亮点、问题、优化建议，分析对本场游戏的优化建议及后续的支持，共同梳理自主游戏的实施要点。         分享交流是游戏活动的重要组成部分，对幼儿语言、思维、交往能力的发展都有着积极的促进作用。通过教研活动的实践，教师不断发现游戏分享中的问题，从而进行调整、优化，在一场场思维碰撞中不断积累经验，提升自身专业素养。                                       编辑 | 张思梦          一审 | 首媛芝          二审 | 首媛芝          三审 |陈扬眉。

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Published on:09:19:20